针对centos(Linux)多网卡bond绑定模式及其操作
本文共 13787 字，大约阅读时间需要 45 分钟。
一、简介
二、模式
注*建议学之前先看这个文章
http://blog.51cto.com/sf1314/2071298
1、balance-rr
轮转策略：按照顺序轮流使用每个接口来发送和接收数据包，提高了负载均衡的能力，但是需要交换机的支持，因为该模式所有端口的mac地址相同，交换机不能识别多个一个Mac地址对应多个端口，所以需要做链路聚合 ----Ethernet Channel
mode=0
2、active-backup
主备策略：只使用其中一个网卡，当网卡损坏时激活另外的一个网卡
mode=1
3、balance-xor
平衡策略： 基于所选择的传送hash策略
mode=2
4、
广播策略：所有卡上都接收和发送报文，提高了容错性
mode=3
5、802.3ad
链路聚合模式
802.3ad策略： LACP 链路聚合模式，交换机得开启链路聚合，将两张网卡当做一张来使用，提高链路性能，需要交换机支持802.3ad 动态链路聚合和服务器硬件支持ethtool。
mode=4
6、balance-tlb
自适应传输负载均衡
不需要配置交换机。在每个网卡会根据上根据当前的负载情况来分配流量。如果一个网卡出现故障，那么另外一个网卡会接管故障网卡
mode=5
7、balance-alb
自适应负载均衡：包括balance-tlb，不需要另外配置交换机，接受负载均衡通过ARP协商实现
当本机发送ARP请求时，bonding驱动把对端的IP信息从ARP包中复制并保存下来，当ARP应答从对端到达 时，bonding驱动把它的硬件地址提取出来，并发起一个ARP应答给bond中的某个slave。使用ARP协商进行负载均衡的一个问题是：每次广播 ARP请求时都会使用bond的硬件地址，因此对端学习到这个硬件地址后，接收流量将会全部流向当前的slave。这个问题可以通过给所有的对端发送更新 （ARP应答）来解决，应答中包含他们独一无二的硬件地址，从而导致流量重新分布。当新的slave加入到bond中时，或者某个未激活的slave重新 激活时，接收流量也要重新分布。接收的负载被顺序地分布（round robin）在bond中最高速的slave上
当某个链路被重新接上，或者一个新的slave加入到bond中，接收流量在所有当前激活的slave中全部重新分配，通过使用指定的MAC地址给每个 client发起ARP应答。下面介绍的updelay参数必须被设置为某个大于等于switch(交换机)转发延时的值，从而保证发往对端的ARP应答 不会被switch(交换机)阻截。
mode=6
三、安装
准备 多网卡主机一台
网卡桥接
选择局域网内空闲ip地址一枚
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | [root@localhost ~] # ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link /loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1 /8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1 /128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.3.151 /24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global dynamic eno16777736 valid_lft 258897sec preferred_lft 258897sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefd:1dcf /64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.3.154 /24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global dynamic eno33554984 valid_lft 258897sec preferred_lft 258897sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefd:1dd9 /64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: eno50332208: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.3.155 /24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global dynamic eno50332208 valid_lft 258897sec preferred_lft 258897sec inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefd:1de3 /64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
#查看硬件状态
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | [root@localhost ~] # nmcli device status 设备 类型 状态 CONNECTION eno16777736 ethernet 连接的 eno16777736 eno33554984 ethernet 连接的 有线连接 1 eno50332208 ethernet 连接的 有线连接 2 lo loopback 未管理 -- |
#查看linux是否支持Bond
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | [root@localhost ~] # modinfo bondingfilename: /lib/modules/3 .10.0-229.el7.x86_64 /kernel/drivers/net/bonding/bonding .ko alias : rtnl-link-bond author: Thomas Davis, tadavis@lbl.gov and many others description: Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver, v3.7.1 version: 3.7.1 license: GPL .......... .......... |
#以上信息反映机器支持bond
#本人选取其中两种方式来制作bond绑定，
一种是active-backup，
另外一种选择balance-tlb，并且做相应测试
方式1:nmcli方式
使用nmcli命令来创建bond卡
nmcli connection add type bond ifname bond1 mode 1
nmcli connection add type bond-slave ifname eno33554984 master bond1
nmcli connection add type bond-slave ifname eno50332208 master bond1
nmcli connection add type bond-slave ifname eno16777736 master bond1
#connection add 添加新的连接
#con-name 连接名称 暂时没使用
#type 设备类型
#ifname 接口设备名称
#master 指定该硬件的master
# 执行完成以上命令后会生成以下文件
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | [root@localhost ~] # cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost network-scripts] # ll 总用量 248 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 328 3月 29 18:08 ifcfg-bond-bond1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 137 3月 29 18:08 ifcfg-bond-slave-eno16777736 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 137 3月 29 18:08 ifcfg-bond-slave-eno33554984 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 137 3月 29 18:08 ifcfg-bond-slave-eno50332208 |
#修改已经生成的配置文件
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | [root@localhost network-scripts] # vim ifcfg-bond-bond1 DEVICE=bond1 BONDING_OPTS=mode=active-backup TYPE=Bond BONDING_MASTER= yes BOOTPROTO=static DEFROUTE= yes PEERDNS= yes PEERROUTES= yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no IPV6INIT= yes IPV6_AUTOCONF= yes IPV6_DEFROUTE= yes IPV6_PEERDNS= yes IPV6_PEERROUTES= yes IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=bond-bond1 UUID=5ed04865-5802-4fd5-9d80-917d1fadae70ON BOOT= yes IPADDR=192.168.3.200 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.3.254 DNS1=192.168.30.202 |
#重启网卡
| 1 | [root@localhost network-scripts] # systemctl restart network |
#查看网络和路由状态
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | [root@localhost ~] # ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link /loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1 /8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1 /128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond1 state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond1 state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4: eno50332208: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond1 state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 6: bond1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.3.200 /24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global bond1 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefd:1dcf /64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
| 1 2 3 | [root@localhost ~] # ip route default via 192.168.3.254 dev bond1 proto static metric 300 192.168.3.0 /24 dev bond1 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.3.200 metric 300 |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 | [root@localhost ~] # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011) Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) Primary Slave: None Currently Active Slave: eno16777736 #这为当前打开的网卡 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: eno16777736 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eno33554984 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9 Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eno50332208 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3 Slave queue ID: 0 |
#测试
#三张网卡随意关闭任意两张
ifdown em1
#关闭掉两张网卡后，会有一次断点，切换网卡的过程
#网卡已经切换为eno50332208
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 | [root@localhost ~] # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011) Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) Primary Slave: None Currently Active Slave: eno50332208 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: eno16777736 MII Status: down Speed: Unknown Duplex: Unknown Link Failure Count: 1 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eno33554984 MII Status: down Speed: Unknown Duplex: Unknown Link Failure Count: 1 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9 Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eno50332208 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: fullLink Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3 Slave queue ID: 0 |
#实验完成
#删除原有配置
#清除bond网卡配置
| 1 2 | [root@localhost ~] # cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost network-scripts] # rm -rf ifcfg-bond-* |
#显示所有活动的连接
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | [root@localhost network-scripts] # nmcli connection show 名称 UUID 类型 设备 有线连接 2 4013b28a-31dd-43b0-9b32-6582a20353f9 802-3-ethernet -- 有线连接 1 9cca4859-5085-4cb3-a660-4664fac689c5 802-3-ethernet -- eno16777736 5dcd1c25-9d8b-4c0f-967c-cd0b250ff929 802-3-ethernet -- bond-slave-eno16777736 24c73fe2-9c55-4202-92f3-d4ff259a6d84 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 bond-slave-eno50332208 ea727513-602e-450e-ad36-dd15cc5d2e82 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 bond-slave-eno33554984 ca74b313-4a4e-44e3-bb5b-84d5dfa1d3aa 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 bond-bond1 5ed04865-5802-4fd5-9d80-917d1fadae70 bond bond1 |
#删除网卡配置连接
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | [root@localhost network-scripts] # nmcli con del bond-slave-eno50332208 [root@localhost network-scripts] # nmcli con del bond-slave-eno33554984 [root@localhost network-scripts] # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011) Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) Primary Slave: NoneCurrently Active Slave: eno16777736 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: eno16777736 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 1 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf Slave queue ID: 0 [root@localhost network-scripts] # nmcli con del bond-slave-eno16777736 [root@localhost network-scripts] # nmcli con del bond-bond1 |
网卡恢复
#方式2:cli方式
以文件方式配置Bond
#备份原有网卡配置文件
| 1 2 3 | [root@localhost ~] # mkdir -p /data/backup/network [root@localhost ~] # cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ [root@localhost ~] # cp ifcfg-eno* /data/backup/network/ |
#因为是新加入的卡,所以没有配置文件，但是硬件信息中是可以查到的
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | [root@localhost network-scripts] # nmcli device status 设备 类型 状态 CONNECTION eno16777736 ethernet 连接的 eno16777736 eno33554984 ethernet 连接的 有线连接 1 eno50332208 ethernet 连接的 有线连接 2 lo loopback 未管理 -- |
| 1 2 3 4 5 | [root@localhost network-scripts] # ll 总用量 236 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 295 8月 25 2015 ifcfg-eno16777736 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 295 3月 29 19:13 ifcfg-eno33554984 [root@localhost network-scripts] # cp ifcfg-eno16777736 ifcfg-eno33554984 |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 | [root@localhost network-scripts] # vim ifcfg-bond5 DEVICE=bond5 BONDING_OPTS= "mode=balance-tlb" TYPE=BondBONDING_MASTER= yes BOOTPROTO=static DEFROUTE= yes PEERDNS= yes PEERROUTES= yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no NAME=bond5 ONBOOT= yes IPADDR=192.168.3.200 PREFIX=24 GATEWAY=192.168.3.254 DNS1=192.168.30.202 [root@localhost network-scripts] # vim ifcfg-eno16777736 TYPE=Ethernet #BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE= yes PEERDNS= yes PEERROUTES= yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL= yes NAME=eno16777736 DEVICE=eno16777736 ONBOOT= yes MASTER=bond5 SLAVE= yes [root@localhost network-scripts] # vim ifcfg-eno33554984 TYPE=Ethernet #BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE= yes PEERDNS= yes PEERROUTES= yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL= yes NAME=eno33554984 DEVICE=eno33554984 ONBOOT= yes MASTER=bond5 SLAVE= yes [root@localhost network-scripts] # vim ifcfg-eno50332208 TYPE=Ethernet #BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEFROUTE= yes PEERDNS= yes PEERROUTES= yes IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL= yes NAME=eno50332208 DEVICE=eno50332208 ONBOOT= yes MASTER=bond5 SLAVE= yes |
#重启网卡
| 1 | [root@localhost network-scripts] # systemctl restart network |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | [root@localhost ~] # nmcli connection show 名称 UUID 类型 设备 eno50332208 d2665055-8e83-58f1-e9e3-49a5fb133641 802-3-ethernet eno50332208 eno16777736 13756690-ac77-b776-4fc1-f5535cee6f16 802-3-ethernet eno16777736 有线连接 2 4013b28a-31dd-43b0-9b32-6582a20353f9 802-3-ethernet -- 有线连接 1 9cca4859-5085-4cb3-a660-4664fac689c5 802-3-ethernet -- eno33554984 fb67dbad-ec81-39b4-42b1-ebf975c3ff13 802-3-ethernet eno33554984 bond5 d1a49a62-2f2d-2e41-a63d-be3a81b6a2fb bond bond5 |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 | [root@localhost ~] # ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link /loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1 /8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1 /128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond5 state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: eno33554984: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond5 state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 4: eno50332208: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master bond5 state UP qlen 1000 link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 7: bond5: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP link /ether 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.3.200 /24 brd 192.168.3.255 scope global bond5 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a81d:6bff:feac:5cd6 /64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever |
| 1 | #个人建议各位跟balance-rr 模式做个对比 |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 | [root@localhost ~] # cat /proc/net/bonding/bond5 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.7.1 (April 27, 2011) Bonding Mode: transmit load balancing Primary Slave: None Currently Active Slave: eno16777736 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: eno16777736 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:cf Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eno33554984 MII Status: upSpeed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:d9 Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: eno50332208 MII Status: up Speed: 1000 Mbps Duplex: full Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:fd:1d:e3 Slave queue ID: 0 |
注*模式选择有以下这些
balance-rr(0)
active-backup(1)
balance-xor (2)
broadcast (3)
802.3ad (4)
balance-tlb (5)
balance-alb (6)
本文转自 Mr_sheng 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/sf1314/2071167
转载地址：http://ciyax.baihongyu.com/
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